The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA or Act), enacted in 1967, directs the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration to issue regulations requiring that all "consumer commodities" be labeled to disclose net contents, identity of commodity, and name and place of business of the product's manufacturer, packer, or distributor. The Act authorizes additional regulations where necessary to prevent consumer deception (or to facilitate value comparisons) with respect to descriptions of ingredients, slack fill of packages, use of "cents-off" or lower price labeling, or characterization of package sizes. The Office of Weights and Measures of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, is authorized to promote to the greatest practicable extent uniformity in State and Federal regulation of the labeling of consumer commodities.
What is the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA)?
The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, also referred to as the FPLA, is a federal law passed in 1966. It was designed to protect consumers by ensuring product labels provide honest, standardized, and essential information. This act helps eliminate deceptive packaging practices and allows consumers to make informed choices. The FPLA is regulated by both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), depending on the type of product being labeled. For makers in the soap, candle, and personal care industries, understanding this law is crucial to remaining compliant.
Why FPLA Matters to Makers and Small Businesses
Makers selling handcrafted goods are often small businesses or hobbyists operating with limited resources. The FPLA helps maintain a level playing field by requiring clear and accurate product information. Compliance isn't just about following legal standards; it's about establishing trust with buyers. If a customer feels misled due to unclear or incorrect labeling, it can damage your reputation and result in lost business. On a broader scale, noncompliance could trigger regulatory scrutiny. Soap and candle makers, in particular, must stay informed to ensure their products reflect the standards set forth in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act.
What Products Are Covered Under the FPLA?
The FPLA applies to a wide range of consumer commodities. These include items typically sold in retail settings, such as bath products, cosmetics, and household goods. The law focuses on products sold to the general public and mandates accurate, accessible information be displayed on each unit's label. In some instances, products made for direct sale or in small batches might be exempt. However, if you plan to distribute through online stores, markets, or retail shelves, your goods likely fall under these guidelines. Makers selling bath bombs, lotions, or scented candles need to review how their products are presented to consumers to ensure proper labeling.
Required Labeling Information Under FPLA
Each product subject to the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act must include three primary pieces of information. The first is the identity of the product. This should clearly describe what the item is, such as "Lavender Soy Candle" or "Goat Milk Soap." The second is the net quantity of contents, which refers to the weight or volume in standard U.S. measurement units. Finally, the label must name and include the location of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor. All text must be legible, prominent, and placed on the front or principal display panel. The font should contrast with the background and be large enough to read easily at a glance. These standards are designed to ensure labeling accuracy and transparency across all consumer product labeling.
Understanding FDA vs. FTC Responsibilities
The FPLA is jointly enforced by two key federal agencies. The FDA oversees labeling rules for products with health or cosmetic implications, such as lotions or lip balms. The FTC regulates labeling for non-cosmetic items, including candles and cleaning goods. This division of authority ensures each type of product is monitored by the agency best equipped to assess risk and regulate content. Makers must identify which agency governs their product category. A soy candle likely falls under the FTC's guidance, while a sugar scrub would be handled by the FDA. Knowing where your product stands helps avoid compliance issues and ensures you are following the correct labeling regulations.
Labeling Best Practices for Handmade Products
Consistency in labeling is critical for handmade goods.
Labels should reflect professionalism and accuracy. Avoid vague terms or marketing exaggerations, as these can be misleading. Instead, focus on accurate product information and follow FPLA labeling guidelines. For example, using waterproof labels or heat-resistant adhesives helps maintain legibility through shipping and use. Also consider placement to ensure the required details stay readable throughout the product's life cycle. Makers should measure their
containers to determine the right label size, ensuring all required content fits clearly and within view. The goal is not just legal compliance but also delivering consumer confidence through clarity.
FAQs About the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
What is the purpose of the FPLA?
The FPLA aims to ensure that labels provide truthful, standardized information about consumer products. It promotes transparency and prevents deceptive packaging.
Which products are covered?
Products commonly sold to the public, such as candles, soaps, and bath items, are typically covered. Products intended for cosmetic use are regulated under similar rules through the FDA.
What information is required on product labels?
Labels must include product identity, net contents, and the name and address of the responsible business entity.
Resources for Staying Compliant
Staying compliant with labeling transparency laws and packaging disclosure requirements requires ongoing learning. Makers can review official guidance on the FTC and FDA websites to ensure alignment with current standards. Wholesale Supplies Plus also offers educational articles, templates, and tools to help makers apply these rules practically. Using available resources helps reduce confusion around mandatory product labeling and fosters better outcomes for small business owners. As labeling laws evolve, makers should routinely revisit these regulations to ensure accuracy and stay aligned with federal packaging regulations and fair packaging guidelines.
